Chitta Vikshepa refers to disturbances or distractions of the mind. It is a state where the mind may face difficulty in the path of self realisation, we need not feel guilty about it. Patanjali describes nine obstacles or distractions of the mind, also known as Antarayas, along with four symptoms that accompany these disturbances, known as Vikshepa Sahabhuvas.
Nine Obstacles (Antarayas or Chitta Vikshepas)
- Vyadhi – Physical illness
- Styan – Mental lethargy or laziness
- Samshaya – Doubt or suspicion
- Pramada – Misplaced priorities
- Alasya – Physical laziness
- Avirati – Attachment to anything giving pleasure to the senses
- Bhranti Darshana – Illusion or wrong understanding
- Alabdha Bhumikatva – Non-attainment of firm ground
- Anavasthitatva – Non-maintenance of a firm ground
Four Symptoms (Vikshepa Sahabhuvas) of a Distracted Mind
- Dukha – Unhappiness
- Daur Manasya – Bad/bitter state of mind
- Angamejayatva – Tremors in the body, lack of coordination between body and mind
- Shvas Prashvas – Erratic breathing pattern
Solution According to Patanjali
Patanjali states that the solution for all the distractions of the mind is Ek Tatva Abhyasa (practice of one principal). In the context of Patanjali’s Yoga Sutras, Chitta Vikshepas can also be called Antarayas.
Chitta and Related Concepts
- Chitta: Defined as consciousness composed of Manas (mind), Buddhi (intellect), and Ahamkara (ego).
- Chitta Vrittis: Modifications or fluctuations of the mind.
- Yoga Definition: As per Patanjali, yoga is restraining the modifications/fluctuations of the mind (Yogah Chitta Vritti Nirodhah).
- Solution for Vrittis: Achieved through Abhyasa (repeated practice) and Vairagya (detachment from sensual pleasures).